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This study investigated the availability and adequacy of basic science instructional materials in Junior Secondary Schools in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. Two research questions and objectives, and one null hypothesis guided the study. A sample of 30 Basic Science teachers and 150 JS1 students were selected from 15 public Junior Secondary schools in 3 Area Councils (Abuja Municipal; Bwari and Gwagwalada) of the FCT using multi-stage random sampling techniques. A questionnaire was used as the instrument for the study and its reliability of content was validated by three experts within the Department of Science Technology and Mathematics in Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Data were collected using observation and two different questionnaires –one for the teachers and the other for the students. The data collected were analysed using statistical tools of mean and percentages and the null hypothesis was tested using chi square. The findings of the study revealed: low availability and inadequacy of Basic Science instructional materials in Public Junior Secondary schools in the FCT: Recommendations were made in reference to the findings.Hence, some recommendations such as: provision of instructional materials to schools according to their projected students’ enrolment; all Public Junior Secondary school management should design effective measures of enforcing proper handling and maintenance of the Basic Science instructional materials by teachers and students; the FCT UBEB should ensure classrooms and Basic Science laboratories are adequate, well equipped and conducive; and teachers should be trained to improvise instructional materials where and when possible rather than complete abandon of a topic simply because the instructional materials are not available.